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Advances in Cost-Efficient Thin-Film Photovoltaics Based on Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2sub>

Michael Powalla, Stefan Paetel, Dimitrios Hariskos, Roland Wuerz, Friedrich Kessler, Peter Lechner, Wiltraud Wischmann, Theresa Magorian Friedlmeier

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 445-451 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.015

Abstract:

In this article, we discuss the leading thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technology based on the Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2sub> (CIGS) compound semiconductor.

Keywords： Thin-film photovoltaics     Solar energy     Flexible     Cu(InGa)Se<sub>2sub>    

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Boosting Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2sub> Thin Film Growth in Low-Temperature Rapid-Deposition Processes: An Improved Article

Yunxiang Zhang, Shuping Lin, Shiqing Cheng, Zhichao He, Zhaojing Hu, Zhiqiang Zhou, Wei Liu, Yun Sun

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 534-541 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.01.016

Abstract:

The Knudsen effusion cell is often used to grow high-quality Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2sub> (CIGS) thin film

Keywords： Cu(In     Ga)Se<sub>2sub>     Knudsen effusion cell     Condensation     Droplet ejection     Low temperature    

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Review on Alkali Element Doping in Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2sub> Thin Films and Solar Cells

Yun Sun,Shuping Lin,Wei Li,Shiqing Cheng,Yunxiang Zhang,Yiming Liu,Wei Liu

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 452-459 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.020

Abstract:

This paper reviews the development history of alkali element doping on Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2sub> (CIGS>2sub> formation and inhibits Ga during low-temperature co-evaporation processes. ② The mechanismsCdCutransferred from the acceptor defect (VCu

Keywords： Alkali elements     Cu(In     Ga)Se<sub>2sub>     Thin-film solar cells     Post-deposition treatment    

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Deciphering the Origins of P1-Induced Power Losses in Cu(In<sub>xsub>,Ga<sub>1–xsub>)Se<sub>2sub> (CIGS) Modules Through Hyperspectral Luminescence Article

César Omar Ramírez Quiroz, Laura-Isabelle Dion-Bertrand, Christoph J. Brabec, Joachim Müller, Kay Orgassa

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 12,   Pages 1395-1402 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.019

Abstract: optimiz1ation of the laser ablation processes used for the patterning interconnections of subcells on Cu(In<sub>xsub>,Ga<sub>1-xsub>)Se<sub>2sub> (CIGS) modules.

Keywords： Cu(Inx     Ga1-x)Se2     Cell-to-module efficiency gap     P1-induced power losses     Hyperspectral photoluminescence    

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Advantageous mechanochemical synthesis of copper(I) selenide semiconductor, characterization, and properties

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3,   Pages 433-442 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2066-6

Abstract: was followed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis and specific surface area measurements of milled 2CuThe X-ray diffraction confirmed the orthorhombic crystal structure of Cu<sub>2sub>Se with the crystallite2p and Se 3d signals corresponded to Cu+ and Se2– oxidation states.This type of Cu<sub>2sub>Se synthesis can be easily adapted to production dimensions using an industrial<sub>2sub>Se.

Keywords： Cu<sub>2sub>Se     berzelianite     nanocrystalline semiconductor     mechanochemical synthesis     planetary ball    

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Moisture Absorption and Desorption in an Ionomer-Based Encapsulant: A Type of Self-Breathing Encapsulant for CIGS Thin-Film PV Modules Article

Miao Yang, Raymund Schäffler, Tobias Repmann, Kay Orgassa

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 12,   Pages 1403-1407 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.020

Abstract:

As an alternative to conventional encapsulation concepts for a double glass photovoltaic (PV) module, we introduce an innovative ionomer-based multi-layer encapsulant, by which the application of additional edge sealing to prevent moisture penetration is not required. The spontaneous moisture absorption and desorption of this encapsulant and its raw materials, poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid) and an ionomer, are analyzed under different climatic conditions in this work. The relative air humidity is thermodynamically the driving force for these inverse processes and determines the corresponding equilibrium moisture content (EMC). Higher air humidity results in a larger EMC. The homogenization of the absorbed water molecules is a diffusion-controlled process, in which temperature plays a dominant role. Nevertheless, the diffusion coefficient at a higher temperature is still relatively low. Hence, under normal climatic conditions for the application of PV modules, we believe that the investigated ionomer-based encapsulant can "breathe" the humidity: During the day, when there is higher relative humidity, it "inhales" (absorbs) moisture and restrains it within the outer edge of the module; then at night, when there is a lower relative humidity, it "exhales" (desorbs) the moisture. In this way, the encapsulant protects the cell from moisture ingress.

Keywords： Ionomer     Encapsulant     Moisture absorption and desorption     Cu(In     Ga)Se<sub>2sub> photovoltaic module    

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Preparation of Cu/ZrO

Xinmei LIU, Shaofen BAI, Huidong ZHUANG, Zifeng YAN

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 47-52 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1170-4

Abstract: Cu/ZrO catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO /H were respectively prepared by deposition coprecipitation

Keywords： Cu/ZrO<sub>2sub>     methanol synthesis     deposition coprecipitation     solid state reaction     CO<sub>2sub>/H<sub>2sub>    

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Cu-doped Bi/Bi<sub>2sub>WO<sub>6sub> catalysts for efficient N<sub>2sub> fixation by photocatalysis

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 10,   Pages 1412-1422 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2312-1

Abstract: In this paper, Cu-doped Bi<sub>2sub>WO<sub>6sub> was synthesized via a solvothermal method and applied<sub>2sub>WO<sub>6sub> composite.The doped Cu had a valence state of +2 and most likely substituted the position of Bi3+.of Bi<sub>2sub>WO<sub>6sub>.The optimized NH<sub>3sub> generation rates of Bi/Cu-Bi<sub>2sub>WO<sub>6sub> reached 624 and 243

Keywords： Bi<sub>2sub>WO<sub>6sub>     Cu doping     work function     photocatalytic N<sub>2sub> fixation     charge    

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>In situ growth of phosphorized ZIF-67-derived amorphous CoP/Cu<sub>2sub>O@CF electrocatalyst

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 10,   Pages 1430-1439 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2320-1

Abstract: The intermediate product was phosphorized to obtain final electrocatalyst (CoP/Cu<sub>2sub>O@CF) withThe electrochemical measurement proved that CoP/Cu<sub>2sub>O@CF catalyst exhibited excellent HER activitywas only 62 mV with the Tafel slope of 83 mV·dec–1 at a current density of 10 mA·cm–2<>H*sub>) changed from –0.18 to –0.11 eV, confirming both decrease in overpotential and excellent HERThis work illustrates the efficient HER activity of CoP/Cu<sub>2sub>O@CF catalyst, which will act as

Keywords： CoP/Cu<sub>2sub>O@CF     electrocatalyst     phosphorization     HER     DFT    

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A Cu-modified active carbon fiber significantly promoted HS and PH simultaneous removal at a low reaction

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1425-3

Abstract:

• Cu<sub>0.15sub>-ACF performs the best for H<sub>2sub>S and PH<sub>3sub> simultaneous removal.

Keywords： ACF     H<sub>2sub>S     PH<sub>3sub>     Cu     Low temperature     Simultaneous removal    

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Preparation of Cu/ZnO/Al

Hui FAN, Huayan ZHENG, Zhong LI

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 445-451 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0521-x

Abstract: Cu/ZnO/Al O catalysts with Cu/Zn/Al ratios of 6/3/1 were precipitated and aged by conventional and microwavemicrowave irradiation on the catalytic performance was investigated to optimize the preparing condition of Cu

Keywords： microwave irradiation     precipitation temperature     aging temperature     methanol synthesis     Cu/ZnO/Al<sub>2sub>O<sub>3sub> catalyst    

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An investigation of the CHOH and CO selectivity of CO hydrogenation over Cu–Ce–Zr catalysts

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6,   Pages 950-962 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2162-2

Abstract: The Cu–Ce–Zr catalyst with 2 wt% Ce loading shows higher CO selectivity (S<sub>COsub> = 0.0%–87.8%) from 200–300 °C, while the Cu–Ce–Zr catalyst with 8 wt% Ce loading presents higher CO<sub>2sub>2sub> adsorption step, a larger number of hydroxyl groups over the Cu–Ce–Zr catalystHence, the Cu–Ce–Zr catalyst with 8 wt% Ce loading favors CH<sub>3sub>OH selectivity and CO<sub>2sub> activation, while CO is preferred on the Cu–Ce–Zr catalyst with 2 wt% Ce loading, a smaller number

Keywords： CO<sub>2sub> hydrogenation     Cu–Ce–Zr     hydroxyls     CO/CH<sub>3sub>OH selectivity    

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Catalytic hydrolysis of gaseous HCN over Cu–Ni/γ-Al

Linxia Yan, Senlin Tian, Jian Zhou, Xin Yuan

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0872-8

Abstract: The Cu–Ni/γ-Al O catalyst was prepared to study HCN hydrolysis ?To decompose efficiently hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in exhaust gas, g-Al O -supported bimetallic-based Cu–Nivolume ratio, reaction temperature, and the presence of CO or O on the HCN removal efficiency on the Cu–Ni

Keywords： Hydrogen cyanide     Cu–Ni/g-Al<sub>2sub>O<sub>3sub>     Catalytic hydrolysis    

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Optimization of electrochemically synthesized Cu

Kasra Pirzadeh, Ali Asghar Ghoreyshi, Mostafa Rahimnejad, Maedeh Mohammadi

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 2,   Pages 233-247 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1893-1

Abstract: Cu (BTC) , a common type of metal organic framework (MOF), was synthesized through electrochemical routeTaguchi method was employed for optimization of key parameters affecting the synthesis of Cu (BTC) .highest CO selectivity can be obtained using 1 g of ligand, applied voltage of 25 V, synthesis time of 2The single gas sorption capacity of the synthetized microstructure Cu (BTC) for CO (at 298 K and 1Moreover, Cu (BTC) showed no considerable loss in CO adsorption after six sequential cycles.

Keywords： Cu<sub>3sub>(BTC)<sub>2sub> electrochemical synthesis     CO<sub>2sub> adsorption     Taguchi optimization    

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NO hydrogenation to NH over FeCu/TiO catalyst with improved activity

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 12,   Pages 1973-1985 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2364-2

Abstract: In this study, we employed a straightforward and efficient impregnation technique to create various Cu-dopedNotably, the optimized 10Fe-8Cu/TiO<sub>2sub> catalyst exhibited exceptional catalytic performancein converting NO to NH<sub>3sub>, achieving an NO conversion rate exceeding 80% and an NH<sub>3subOur findings unequivocally demonstrate that Cu doping enhances the rate-limiting hydrogenation step andlowers the energy barrier for NH<sub>3sub> desorption, thereby resulting in improved NO conversion

Keywords： NO hydrogenation     synthetic ammonia     10Fe-xCu/TiO<sub>2sub>     high selectivity    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Advances in Cost-Efficient Thin-Film Photovoltaics Based on Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2sub>

Michael Powalla, Stefan Paetel, Dimitrios Hariskos, Roland Wuerz, Friedrich Kessler, Peter Lechner, Wiltraud Wischmann, Theresa Magorian Friedlmeier

Journal Article

Boosting Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2sub> Thin Film Growth in Low-Temperature Rapid-Deposition Processes: An Improved

Yunxiang Zhang, Shuping Lin, Shiqing Cheng, Zhichao He, Zhaojing Hu, Zhiqiang Zhou, Wei Liu, Yun Sun

Journal Article

Review on Alkali Element Doping in Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2sub> Thin Films and Solar Cells

Yun Sun,Shuping Lin,Wei Li,Shiqing Cheng,Yunxiang Zhang,Yiming Liu,Wei Liu

Journal Article

Deciphering the Origins of P1-Induced Power Losses in Cu(In<sub>xsub>,Ga<sub>1–xsub>)Se<sub>2sub> (CIGS) Modules Through Hyperspectral Luminescence

César Omar Ramírez Quiroz, Laura-Isabelle Dion-Bertrand, Christoph J. Brabec, Joachim Müller, Kay Orgassa

Journal Article

Advantageous mechanochemical synthesis of copper(I) selenide semiconductor, characterization, and properties

Journal Article

Moisture Absorption and Desorption in an Ionomer-Based Encapsulant: A Type of Self-Breathing Encapsulant for CIGS Thin-Film PV Modules

Miao Yang, Raymund Schäffler, Tobias Repmann, Kay Orgassa

Journal Article

Preparation of Cu/ZrO

Xinmei LIU, Shaofen BAI, Huidong ZHUANG, Zifeng YAN

Journal Article

Cu-doped Bi/Bi<sub>2sub>WO<sub>6sub> catalysts for efficient N<sub>2sub> fixation by photocatalysis

Journal Article

>In situ growth of phosphorized ZIF-67-derived amorphous CoP/Cu<sub>2sub>O@CF electrocatalyst

Journal Article

A Cu-modified active carbon fiber significantly promoted HS and PH simultaneous removal at a low reaction

Journal Article

Preparation of Cu/ZnO/Al

Hui FAN, Huayan ZHENG, Zhong LI

Journal Article

An investigation of the CHOH and CO selectivity of CO hydrogenation over Cu–Ce–Zr catalysts

Journal Article

Catalytic hydrolysis of gaseous HCN over Cu–Ni/γ-Al

Linxia Yan, Senlin Tian, Jian Zhou, Xin Yuan

Journal Article

Optimization of electrochemically synthesized Cu

Kasra Pirzadeh, Ali Asghar Ghoreyshi, Mostafa Rahimnejad, Maedeh Mohammadi

Journal Article

NO hydrogenation to NH over FeCu/TiO catalyst with improved activity

Journal Article